Red Oak

Description: Straight grain with a coarse texture. Large open pores produce distinctive grain.

Hardness: Hard

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White Oak

Description: Has a finer texture than Red Oak. Decay resistant.

Hardness: Hard

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Sapele

Description: Good for exterior use. Texture rather fine; grain interlocked; sometimes wavy. Lustrous. Excellent substitute for Genuine Mahogany.

Hardness: Medium to Hard

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Walnut

Description: The sapwood of black walnut is nearly white, while the heartwood is light brown to dark, chocolate brown, often with a purplish cast and darker streaks. The wood is heavy, hard, and stiff and has high shock resistance.

Hardness: Soft to Medium

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Cherry

Description: Cherry is easy to work, fine textured, strong and fairly durable. This makes this species popular with cabinetmakers. Highly rated in all working properties including wood bending and turning. Becomes darker and richer with age.

Hardness: Moderately Hard

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African Mahogany

Description: Relatively hard; works well; highly lustrous; polishes well; durable.

Hardness: Medium

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Anigre

Description: Medium to coarse texture; grain usually straight, sometimes wavy; with a fiddleback, mottled, or bees wing figure. Generally reported to saw and machine well, but some species are silicious and have a blunting effect on cutters.

Hardness: Medium to Hard

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Ash

Description: Sapwood white with a yellowish tint with the heartwood is a light brown in color. Grain is considered to be straight and even textured.

Hardness: Hard

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Basswood

Description: Because this light-weight wood works very easily with both hand and power tools, it is the wood of choice for many wood carvers. It cuts cleanly, nails, screws, and glues well. Can be painted, stained, and finished without difficulty.

Hardness: Soft

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Birch

Description: A straight-grained wood with fine even texture. Heavy and very strong. Swirly or irregular grain may be difficult to machine without tear out.

Common Names/Species: American birch, Birch, Gray birch, Silver birch, Swamp birch, Yellow birch

Hardness: Hard

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Cumaru

Description: Freshly cut heartwood is reddish-brown or purplish-brown in color with yellowish-brown or purple streaks. Unlike many hardwoods, Cumaru actually lightens in color and gradually becomes a uniform light-brown or yellowish-brown. Sapwood is a distinct yellowish-brown color. The lumber has a fine uniform grain and texture with very small open pores. The grain is interlocked with a waxy or oily feel.

Common Names/Species: Brazilian Teak, Tonka

Good for outdoor use

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Genuine Mahogany

Description: Ranks among the finest cabinet woods. Exceptionally stable and clear with a natural luster. Moderately coarse texture. Requires filling to achieve a class smooth surface but accepts virtually all finishes with ease.

Common Names/Species: Honduras mahogany, Brazilian mahogany, big leaf mahogany, true mahogany

Hardness: Medium

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Hickory

Description: Extremely tough and resilient. May be somewhat difficult to work. Finishes nicely. Good turning wood.

Hardness: Hard

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Ipe

Description: A strong, tough, resilient wood. Naturally durable and weather resistant. Moderately difficult to work especially with hand tools; has a blunding effect on cutting edges, finishes smoothly except where grain is very roey.

Hardness: Very Hard

Good for outdoor use

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Jatoba

Description: Hard, heavy, and tough. Grain is commonly interlocked with a medium coarse texture. Somewhat difficult to work due to its hardness and weight.

Common Names/Species: Brazilian cherry, Jatoba, Jutai, Kawanari, Locust, Pie de venado, Rode locus, Rode rode locus, Sirari, West indian locust

Hardness: Very Hard

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Royal Cedar

Good for outdoor use

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Santos Mahogany

Description: The wood is hard, moderately difficult to saw, and has a high blunting effect on cutters. Sawdust from machining may cause respiratory irritation in some individuals. A dust mask or respirator is advised.

Common Names/Species: Balsamo, Cabriziva, Cedro chino, Chirraca, Estoraque, Incienso, Nabal, Palo de balsamo, Santos mahogany, Sandalo, Tache, Tolu

Hardness: Hard

Good for outdoor use

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Spanish Cedar

Description: Natural decay and rot resistance, straight-grained, wavy, curly and mottled grain. Soft with a moderately coarse texture. Easy to work.

Common Names/Species: Brazilian cedar, Honduras cedar, Cedar, Cedre rouge, Cedro, Central American cedar, Cigar box cedar

Hardness: Medium

Good for outdoor use

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Teak

Description: Teak is easily worked and has natural oils that make it suitable for use in exposed locations, where it is durable even when not treated with oil or varnish.

Hardness: Hard

Good for outdoor use

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Utile Mahogany

Description: This wood closely resembles swietenia macrophylla and khaya in appearance and working characteristics.

Common Names/Species: Sipo Mahogany

Hardness: Medium to Hard

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Wenge

Description: Heartwood is a dark brown with streaks of black grain along the board. The sapwood is a very distinguishable yellowish-white. Texture of Wenge is coarse with a straight grain.

Common Names/Species: Panga Panga

Hardness: Hard

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White Ash

Description: Considered rather similar to Red Oak in appearance and many working properties. Excellent shock resistance. Straight-grained with moderately coarse texture. Glues, Stains, and finishes well.

Common Names/Species: American ash, Ash, Biltmore ash, Biltmore white ash, Fresno, White ash

Hardness: Hard

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White Pine

Description: A versatile lumber which is neither strong nor durable.

Common Names/Species: Eastern, western and northern white pine, yellow pine

Hardness: Soft

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Yellow Pine

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